Published in 1880, the book presents a detailed biographical portrait of John Locke. Locke, known as the Father of Liberalism, was an influential Enlightenment thinker and helped to establish British empiricism. Written in a lively narrative, it is a highly readable account of the philosopher's life.

Saintsbury examines the life of John Dryden (1631—1700), England's first Poet Laureate and one of the most important writers of the late seventeenth century. He is best known for his poems, plays, literary essays and translations, including such satirical works as MacFlecknoe. Saintsbury focuses on his literary work, fall from grace, and transformation in the period known as the "Age of Dryden."